Disparity among low first ionization potential elements

First ionization potential of platinum by mass-selected double-resonance field-ionization spectroscopy

Measurement of the first ionization potential of astatine by laser ionization spectroscopy

The radioactive element astatine exists only in trace amounts in nature. Its properties can therefore only be explored by study of the minute quantities of artificially produced isotopes or by performing theoretical calculations. One of the most important properties influencing the chemical behaviour is the energy required to remove one electron from the valence shell, referred to as the ioniza...

First ionization potential of tantalum by mass-selected double-resonance field-ionization spectroscopy.

P-41: Low Birth Weight Prevalence among theNewborns and Potential Risk Factors

Background: Low birth weight can contribute to many complications in neonatal period and even infancy and later. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of low birth weight in two cities of Iran and also to evaluate the potential risk factors of it. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, performed on 1513 pregnant women attending delivery facilities in educational ho...

Are Neutral Sunspot Winds Important for Penumbral Dynamics and the First Ionization Potential Effect?

The low ionization state in parts of a sunspot may play an important role in its evolution and dynamical state. The cool magnetic interior region of the sunspot develops a substantial neutral atomic and molecular hydrogen osmotic pressure which can drive a wind outward from the umbra. Ambipolar diffusion against the magnetically pinned ionized plasma component can also distort the umbral magnet...